ONE of my most shameful memories, of which my sons
occasionally remind me, is of a complete failure of my shiphandling
abilities when negotiating a lock on the Canal du Midi in the south
of France. We had hired this enormous streamlined cabin cruiser but
an hour previously, and as theonly person pretending to any marine
qualifications, I appointed myself master.
Thus, when I completely miscalculated the miniscule
stern power of the engine as we approached the first lock,
graunching into the aged timbers with a horrible crash, there was
none to blame but myself. I sacked myself immediately, handing over
the operational management of the craft to the boys, and after a
brief period of sulking, enjoyed the remainder of the week
enormously. Who wants responsibility, anyway?
It all came flooding back a couple of weeks ago, as
I attempted to bring a 60,000 dwt panamax alongside a jetty,
realising that I had overcooked my approach and that even my frantic
burst of full astern would have no other consequence than to bring
the bow up into the wind, with the stern coming very close to
completely demolishing the facility.
It is a feeling in which shame at one’s own
incompetence vies with helplessness as one wonders how on earth you
are ever to get out of this situation. Somehow, I think that I lack
the temperament to be a pilot.
At least the helmsman, bless him, didn’t laugh. We
had an arrangement to be mutually supportive, and it would be his
turn in command next.
Lest any reader might think, even momentarily, that
some owner had taken leave of his senses and allowed me to pilot a
ship, I should explain that the two of us were “guinea pigs” for a
new course on “shiphandling appreciation for shore based managers”
at the Manned Model unit at Marchwood Lake, run by the Southampton
Institute’s Warsash Maritime Centre.
You
should close your eyes on the 9 m long, 5 tonnes model” urged our
tutor Captain Chris Clarke, as he briefed us for our first voyage in
the two-day course, “and open your eyes on a panamax”. So that’s
what we did, that first day, and the 1:25 scale model Progress did
preciselywhat its life-size sister would have done, albeit at five
times the real-life speed. “Models focus the mind,” said Capt Clarke
and over the past 25 years, the little fleet on Marchwood Lake has
given that shiphandling polish to hundreds of senior ships’ officers
and pilots, who have appreciated the opportunity to make mistakes
without laying waste to an oil terminal jetty or a couple thousand
tons of steelwork.
As we cautiously began our evolutions, the “proper”
ship handling course was under way with a couple of liquefied
natural gas carrier senior officers, a very large crude carrier
chief officer and a pilot. Watching them, you had an inkling of how
focused and concentrated attention has to be, remembering those
cheerful pilots who seemed to be completely unfazed when the engine
refused to go astern, or the forward tug wouldn’t, and the mate down
aft appeared to have gone deaf. Shiphandling is about spatial and
situational awareness and it is undoubtedly a huge
skill.
But shiphandling skills, which I have often thought
is something almost genetically implanted in some, while cruelly
denied others, can, says Captain Malcolm McDougall, be taught. It is
said that some 5% of shiphandlers are “natural” and “a joy to
watch”, about the same number are “a danger to all” but that the
other 90% can be taught to do perfectly safe manoeuvres.
Time in the models is backed up with solid theory,
and this is really important, because it is a strange fact that very
little of this is taught for professional certificate examinations.
And while pushing a wooden model around a table top in the master’s
oral examination might be of limited use, it is scant preparation for
that important day when you actually handle one of the world’s
largest moving objects, with the potential to do all manner of
expensive damage.
Actually understanding what is going on with all
those dynamic forces — the pressure distribution, the position of
the pivot point, the effects of wind and transverse thrust — makes
the reality so much more comprehensible. And the models, as Capt
Clarke says, “provide the link between the theory and the real
world”.
Our own shiphandling appreciation course addressed
what I would suggest is a very real need for shore-based managers,
senior managers and people with responsibility for marine operations
to have more than theoretical knowledge of the problems that are
faced by those who handle ships for real.
Because as you work your way through the ranks,
shiphandling is something that you frequently “observe” being done
by others, but that is all that happens. You could be a senior chief
officer and never handle a ship, even a master of a large deep-sea
vessel, always in pilotage hands in confined waters. Making a lee
for the pilot and anchoring the ship will probably be the only real
experience one gets. Perhaps short-sea masters, cruiseship captains
and masters of specialist vessels who handle their own specialised
controls might be different, but most mariners will have a career
without much opportunity to exercise this special skill, unless they
enter the pilotage services. I sailed with just one master who,
allowed me, as second mate, to anchor the ship in an uncomplicated
and uncrowded anchorage off a port in Australia, just the once and
my experience would be by no means uncommon. Now there is all this
concern about “the master pilot relationship” and berth-to-berth
voyage planning and we expect people to suddenly embrace all sorts
of new skills. P&I clubs are getting frightfully analytical, all of
a sudden aboutthe incidents and expensive accidents in pilotage
waters.
So this appreciation course would be of enormous use
to somebody who found themselves as an operational superintendent, a
harbour master, somebody who needed to know whether people who were
handling ships were doing a good job or not. I could also imagine a
number of people who get involved when things go badly wrong, being
a whole lot better informed after a couple of days sweating on the
Marchwood Lake. “Wet” lawyers, surveyors, accident investigators,
assessors and regulators will be better able to make their own
professional judgments if they can understand the theory and
practice about a manoeuvre that went wrong.
Then there are those people who, from their
comfortable offices, require the masters of ships to do things which
they may be most unhappy doing. People who see only the desired end
product, which is the ship alongside on schedule, and fail to
consider the problems of the channel in the prevailing weather
conditions, the depth of water under the keel, the strength of the
wind and the increased risk of damage.
It’s unfair, I know, but I thought about those
people who have leaned on masters in such circumstances, with
disastrous consequences and just wondered if they had experienced
something of the reality of shiphandling, they would have been quite
so gung-ho and insistent that the ship should leave the safety of
the anchorage, or arrive in that difficult channel at slack low
water.
Perhaps its all a bit hypothetical, but it’s not
that hypothetical. Time on a shiphandling appreciation course, which
can be tailored to the particular needs of the customers, would be
time well spent.
The course aim: “To furnish managers within the
maritime industry with an appreciation of the relevant fundamental
shiphandling principles that will assist them in relating to
technical aspects likely to be encountered in their management
activities”, puts it better than I can, and seemed, in our case, to
be well achieved.
We learned about the vital pivot point, the effect
of propeller and rudder, transverse thrust and the principles of
berthing, turning and manoeuvring in channels and confined areas. We
experienced the effects of wind, and actually experienced the
effects of interaction, which is the extraordinary forces on a
moving hull when it gets close to a bank or another ship. I began
the course frightened to death, but while I would hesitate to
suggest that I had any worthwhile shiphandling skills after all
those years ashore, felt confidence rise with understanding. We went
from a panamax to a VLCC and appreciated fully that “the world is a
different size in different sizes of ship”.
We didn’t run aground, or smash into anything, and I
am proud to have even conned my ship through the dreaded “Texas
Chicken manoeuvre” which is the head-on encounter endured by those
who work in the Houston Ship Channel, where the pressure waves from
the two ships, along with some desperate rudder movements, force
them apart and keep them from disaster.
We turned short around, and managed to berth the
thing, without wrecking anything. We tried bow thrusters and even
employed the assistance of a radio-controlled tug. I even have a
certificate to prove it all. It was a brilliant two days and I would
recommend it to anyone. And while the memories are fresh, I would
even have a second go at the Canal du Midi.